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Heat Shock Proteins 90 kDa: Immunomodulators and Adjuvants in Vaccine Design Against Infectious Diseases

Journal

Publisher

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.622186

Keywords

Hsp90; gp96; GRP94; chaperones; cross-presentation; re-presentation; carrier; MHC class I

Funding

  1. Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (ANPCyT, Argentina) [PICT 2016-0310, PICT 2016-0621, PICT 2016-0113]
  2. NIAID, NIH [R01AI129807]

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Hsp90, known as heat shock proteins, can serve as immunomodulators to activate cellular functions for designing novel vaccines against infectious diseases. This review summarizes the adjuvant properties of Hsp90s and their mechanisms in activating and modulating professional antigen-presenting cells.
Heat shock proteins 90 kDa (Hsp90s) were originally identified as stress-responsive proteins and described to participate in several homeostatic processes. Additionally, extracellular Hsp90s have the ability to bind to surface receptors and activate cellular functions related to immune response (cytokine secretion, cell maturation, and antigen presentation), making them very attractive to be studied as immunomodulators. In this context, Hsp90s are proposed as new adjuvants in the design of novel vaccine formulations that require the induction of a cell-mediated immune response to prevent infectious diseases. In this review, we summarized the adjuvant properties of Hsp90s when they are either alone, complexed, or fused to a peptide to add light to the knowledge of Hsp90s as carriers and adjuvants in the design of vaccines against infectious diseases. Besides, we also discuss the mechanisms by which Hsp90s activate and modulate professional antigen-presenting cells.

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