Journal
CELLS
Volume 9, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cells9122644
Keywords
breast cancer; hormone receptors; conversion; intratumor heterogeneity; clonal selection; endocrine therapies; (neo)adjuvant therapy; tumor recurrences; re-characterization
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Funding
- Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC
- MFAG-2019) [22977]
- Scientific Directorate of Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (Milan, Italy)
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Hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (HR+ BC) accounts for approximately 75% of new BC diagnoses. Despite the undisputable progresses obtained in the treatment of HR+ BC in recent years, primary or acquired resistance to endocrine therapies still represents a clinically relevant issue, and is largely responsible for disease recurrence after curative surgery, as well as for disease progression in the metastatic setting. Among the mechanisms causing primary or acquired resistance to endocrine therapies is the loss of estrogen/progesterone receptor expression, which could make BC cells independent of estrogen stimulation and, consequently, resistant to estrogen deprivation or the pharmacological inhibition of estrogen receptors. This review aims at discussing the molecular mechanisms and the clinical implications of HR loss as a result of the therapies used in the neoadjuvant setting or for the treatment of advanced disease in HR+ BC patients.
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