Journal
CELLS
Volume 9, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cells9122718
Keywords
extracellular vesicles; microvesicles; neutrophils; anti-inflammatory effects; pro-inflammatory effects; inflammation; antibacterial effect; intercellular communication
Categories
Funding
- NKFIH [119236]
- VEKOP [2.3.2.-16]
- Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from National Research, Development and Innovation Fund [UNKP-20-5]
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Similar to other cell types, neutrophilic granulocytes also release extracellular vesicles (EVs), mainly medium-sized microvesicles/microparticles. According to published data, authors have reached a consensus on the physical parameters (size, density) and chemical composition (surface proteins, proteomics) of neutrophil-derived EVs. In contrast, there is large diversity and even controversy in the reported functional properties. Part of the discrepancy may be ascribed to differences in the viability of the starting cells, in eliciting factors, in separation techniques and in storage conditions. However, the most recent data from our laboratory prove that the same population of neutrophils is able to generate EVs with different functional properties, transmitting pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects on neighboring cells. Previously we have shown that Mac-1 integrin is a key factor that switches anti-inflammatory EV generation into pro-inflammatory and antibacterial EV production. This paper reviews current knowledge on the functional alterations initiated by neutrophil-derived EVs, listing their effects according to the triggering agents and target cells. We summarize the presence of neutrophil-derived EVs in pathological processes and their perspectives in diagnostics and therapy. Finally, the functional heterogeneity of differently triggered EVs indicates that neutrophils are capable of producing a broad spectrum of EVs, depending on the environmental conditions prevailing at the time of EV genesis.
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