Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS
Volume 37, Issue -, Pages 140-155Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.eist.2020.08.006
Keywords
Policy sequencing; Policy feedback; Energy policy; Climate policy; Emissions trading; Renewable energy
Categories
Funding
- German Ministry of Education and Research under the research project START (Strategic Scenario Analysis - A first German Australian focus project) [833/03EK3 04 6B START]
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [642147]
- Stiftung Mercator and ClimateWorks Foundation under the research project AHEAD
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In order to achieve the UNFCCC Paris Agreement goals, climate policies worldwide require considerable ratcheting-up. Policy sequencing provides a framework for analysing policy process dynamics that facilitate ratcheting-up. We apply a sequencing perspective to two key EU climate and energy policies, the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) and the Renewable Energy Directive (RED), to comparatively test the empirical relevance of sequencing for single policies - in addition to sequencing across policies, which has been the focus of sequencing theory so far - and to uncover specific mechanisms. Our results confirm that sequencing, based on triggering positive and controlling negative feedback, is relevant both within and across policies. Policy choices that may facilitate ratcheting-up include tools to control costs, the possibility to centralise and harmonise in a multi-level governance context, options for compensation of reluctant actors, and the encouragement of learning processes.
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