β-Glucogallin isolated from Fusidium coccineum and its enhancement of skin barrier effects

Soil has been used for treatment of wound and skin diseases and for cosmetic purposes. Fusidium coccineum (FC) SA-1FC (Ascomycota) is a fungus found in nature, and its by-products are present in humid soils with plant humus. This study investigates the medium of fermented FC as a covering for all skin problems, including dryness, inflammation, and wounds. A preliminary study revealed that an alcohol extract of FC had a skin-enhancing effect, and thin-layer chromatography revealed a major component in a non-polar fraction. Here we identify a major compound isolated from a non-polar fraction as beta-glucogallin. The mRNA levels of filaggrin and HAS3 are upregulated by FC and beta-glucogallin treatment in keratinocytes and immortalized human keratinocytes cells. In addition, FC and beta-glucogallin exert anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing expression of interleukin-4/poly(I:C)-induced chemokines and inflammatory cytokines. In fibroblasts, Hs68 cells, FC and beta-glucogallin stimulate cell migration. These results suggest that FC and beta-glucogallin can enhance skin barrier function.