Journal
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201399
Keywords
periodical organisms; millipedes; train obstructions; mass emergence; life cycles; periodicity
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Funding
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute
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Periodical cicadas are the only confirmed periodical animals with long life cycles, while in Japan, an 8-year periodicity has been suggested in a species of train millipedes, the first confirmed case of periodical non-insect arthropods.
Periodical cicadas are the only confirmed periodical animals with long life cycles. In Japan, however, 8-year periodicity had been suggested in a species of train millipedes that had frequently obstructed trains in the central mountainous region of Honshu, Japan. This species was identified as Parafontaria laminata armigera Verhoeff (Diplopoda: Xystodesmidae), which is endemic to Japan. We finally confirmed the 8-year periodicity of this millipede using detailed surveys of life histories over 8 years. Seven broods were recognized, with almost no overlaps in their distributions. We also report the historical outbreaks and train obstructions of this millipede during 1920-2016. This is the first confirmed case of periodical non-insect arthropods.
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