Journal
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 11, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.606874
Keywords
type I interferons; infection; autoimmunity; cancer; IFNα subtypes; IFNβ
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) [T32 CA009547]
- NIH [T32 AI007163, AI149999-01A1, R01 AI127513, R21 AI135490]
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Type I interferons (IFNs) are critical effector cytokines of the immune system and were originally known for their important role in protecting against viral infections; however, they have more recently been shown to play protective or detrimental roles in many disease states. Type I IFNs consist of IFN alpha, IFN beta, IFN epsilon, IFN kappa, IFN omega, and a few others, and they all signal through a shared receptor to exert a wide range of biological activities, including antiviral, antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and immunomodulatory effects. Though the individual type I IFN subtypes possess overlapping functions, there is growing appreciation that they also have unique properties. In this review, we summarize some of the mechanisms underlying differential expression of and signaling by type I IFNs, and we discuss examples of differential functions of IFN alpha and IFN beta in models of infectious disease, cancer, and autoimmunity.
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