Journal
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
Volume 124, Issue -, Pages 18-31Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.09.031
Keywords
Digestive gland tissue; Bioassay; Sublethal effects; Drugs; Biomarkers; Clams
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Funding
- Andalusian Government, Spain [P09-RNM-5136]
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A battery of biomarkers was evaluated on Ruditapes philippinarum exposed during 14 days to caffeine, ibuprofen, carbamazepine and novobiocin (0.1,1, 5, 10, 15, and 50 mu g L-1). The battery included general stress (lysosomal membrane stability - LMS) analysed in the hemolymph, and biochemical biomarkers analysed in digestive gland tissues including: biomarkers of phase I (etoxyresorufin O-deethylase - EROD, dibenzylfluorescein dealkylase - DBF), phase II (gluthathione-S-transferase - GST), oxidative stress (gluthathione reductase - GR, gluthathione peroxidase - GPX, lipid peroxidation - LPO), neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase activity - AChE), and genotoxicity (DNA damage). Pharmaceuticals tested induced the sublethal responses (even at the environmental range 0.1 mu g L-1). At this low concentration; caffeine, ibuprofen and carbamazepine decreased the LMS significantly compared with controls (p <0.05). The four compounds induced significantly the detoxification metabolism and oxidative stress (p < 0.05). Neurotoxicity was noticed in clams exposed to caffeine and carbamazepine (p < 0.05). Ibuprofen, carbamazepine and novobiocin produced genotoxic effects (p < 0.05). Results from this research validate the use of biomarkers when assessing the effects of pharmaceuticals within a marine environmental risk assessment framework, using as a laboratory bioassay model the species R. philippinarum. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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