Journal
APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES
Volume 8, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/aps3.11404
Keywords
grapevine; landmark analysis; leaf shape; modeling; morphometrics; Vitis
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation
- USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture
- Michigan State University AgBioResearch
- National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program [1546869]
- National Science Foundation Research Traineeship Program [1828149]
- Division Of Graduate Education
- Direct For Education and Human Resources [1828149] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Premise Leaf morphology is dynamic, continuously deforming during leaf expansion and among leaves within a shoot. Here, we measured the leaf morphology of more than 200 grapevines (Vitis spp.) over four years and modeled changes in leaf shape along the shoot to determine whether a composite leaf shape comprising all the leaves from a single shoot can better capture the variation and predict species identity compared with individual leaves. Methods Using homologous universal landmarks found in grapevine leaves, we modeled various morphological features as polynomial functions of leaf nodes. The resulting functions were used to reconstruct modeled leaf shapes across the shoots, generating composite leaves that comprehensively capture the spectrum of leaf morphologies present. Results We found that composite leaves are better predictors of species identity than individual leaves from the same plant. We were able to use composite leaves to predict the species identity of previously unassigned grapevines, which were verified with genotyping. Discussion Observations of individual leaf shape fail to capture the true diversity between species. Composite leaf shape-an assemblage of modeled leaf snapshots across the shoot-is a better representation of the dynamic and essential shapes of leaves, in addition to serving as a better predictor of species identity than individual leaves.
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