Journal
SYMMETRY-BASEL
Volume 13, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/sym13010071
Keywords
artificial intelligence; solid particle; support vector machine; statistics; modeling; ten-fold-cross-validation; leave-one-out feature analysis
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Funding
- Deputyship for Research and Innovation, Ministry of Education, Saudi Arabia [IFT20081]
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The study investigated the generalized application of machine learning algorithms for predicting settling velocity in various types of fluids. Performance evaluation was done using statistical metrics like coefficient-of-determination, root-mean-square-error, mean-squared-error, and mean-absolute-error. Support vector regression with polynomial kernel displayed the best performance with high accuracy.
The traditional procedure of predicting the settling velocity of a spherical particle is inconvenient as it involves iterations, complex correlations, and an unpredictable degree of uncertainty. The limitations can be addressed efficiently with artificial intelligence-based machine-learning algorithms (MLAs). The limited number of isolated studies conducted to date were constricted to specific fluid rheology, a particular MLA, and insufficient data. In the current study, the generalized application of ML was comprehensively investigated for Newtonian and three varieties of non-Newtonian fluids such as Power-law, Bingham, and Herschel Bulkley. A diverse set of nine MLAs were trained and tested using a large dataset of 967 samples. The ranges of generalized particle Reynolds number (Re-G) and drag coefficient (C-D) for the dataset were 10(-3) < Re-G (-) < 10(4) and 10(-1) < C-D (-) < 10(5), respectively. The performances of the models were statistically evaluated using an evaluation metric of the coefficient-of-determination (R-2), root-mean-square-error (RMSE), mean-squared-error (MSE), and mean-absolute-error (MAE). The support vector regression with polynomial kernel demonstrated the optimum performance with R-2 = 0.92, RMSE = 0.066, MSE = 0.0044, and MAE = 0.044. Its generalization capability was validated using the ten-fold-cross-validation technique, leave-one-feature-out experiment, and leave-one-data-set-out validation. The outcome of the current investigation was a generalized approach to modeling the settling velocity.
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