Journal
SUSTAINABILITY
Volume 13, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/su13010312
Keywords
soil health; Lumbricidae; mapping; sustainability; functional trait; soil function; agriculture; landscape
Funding
- Autonomous Province South Tyrol (Abteilung Bildungsforderung, Universitat und Forschung)
- HSMR project KLIMAGRO - Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy
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The study found that earthworms were more abundant in grasslands and apple orchards, while the distribution in vineyards was less clear. Overall, the estimated earthworm biomass in agricultural areas in South Tyrol was 34,900 tons, with a total value of EUR 872 million. This suggests that earthworms are suitable indicators for sustainable soil use at the landscape scale.
Earthworm activities affect the provision of many ecosystem services. Land use can strongly influence earthworm communities and, hence related soil functions. We assessed earthworm biomass, abundance, and species composition on grasslands, apple orchards, and vineyards in the context of an existing sustainability assessment tool in South Tyrol, Italy. A stratified sampling campaign revealed significant differences in earthworm distribution. We found 21 to 700 individuals m(-2) in grasslands and surprisingly abundant earthworm communities in apple orchards (14 to 382 individuals m(-2)). Results for vineyards were ambiguous with no or very low abundance in 47% of the vineyards and a maximum of 396 individuals m(-2). Mesohumic endogeic species were the most abundant functional group observed (75% of the biomass in grasslands, 50% in apple orchards and vineyards). Aporrectodea caliginosa was the most abundant endogeic species, Lumbricus rubellus the dominant polyhumic endogeic species in all land-use types. We estimated a total of 34,900 t of earthworm biomass on agricultural areas in South Tyrol corresponding to a total value of EUR 872 million. Although soil quality is a complex concept that cannot be captured with a single indicator, earthworms are suitable and feasible indicators for sustainable soil use at the landscape scale.
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