4.8 Article

On the irreversible sodiation of tin disulfide

Journal

NANO ENERGY
Volume 79, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105458

Keywords

Tin disulfide; Sodiation reaction; In situ transmission electron microscopy; Phase transition

Funding

  1. National Natural Science Foundation of China [51771053, 51471085]
  2. US Department of Energy, Office of Science - Chicago [DE-SC0019300]
  3. National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFA0300803]
  4. Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
  5. open research fund of Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University
  6. Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB07030200]
  7. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Science [DE-SC0012704]

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This study investigates the sodiation and desodiation processes of SnS2 using in situ transmission electron microscopy, revealing that the irreversible disordering transition is the determining step of irreversible cycling.
Tin disulfide is considered as a promising electrode material for sodium-ion batteries because of its twodimensional layered structural characteristics allowing the intercalation of Na ions. Understanding the underlying reaction mechanisms and the decisive step of the reaction reversibility is critical for its applications. Herein, we investigate the sodiation and desodiation processes of SnS2 by employing in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After the initial intercalation reaction, a rock-salt NaySnS2 phase with disordering Na and Sn cations is observed, followed with a conversion reaction and an alloying reaction. The disordering reaction occurs along <1-10> direction of pristine SnS2 phase which is correlated with local bonding rearrangements induced by the exchange of Sn and Na cations. In-situ TEM studies and first-principles calculations indicate that the original 2D SnS2 structure could not be recovered during desodiation. Instead, the disordered NaySnS2 phase is finally formed, which indicates that the irreversible disordering transition is the determining step of irreversible cycling. This work probes the structural evolution of sodiation, providing a fundamental understanding of the electrochemical properties of metal sulfides and inspiring rational designs of high performance electrodes for sodium-ion batteries.

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