Verification of Neural Network Behaviour: Formal Guarantees for Power System Applications

This paper presents for the first time, to our knowledge, a framework for verifying neural network behavior in power system applications. Up to this moment, neural networks have been applied in power systems as a black box; this has presented a major barrier for their adoption in practice. Developing a rigorous framework based on mixed-integer linear programming, our methods can determine the range of inputs that neural networks classify as safe or unsafe, and are able to systematically identify adversarial examples. Such methods have the potential to build the missing trust of power system operators on neural networks, and unlock a series of new applications in power systems. This paper presents the framework, methods to assess and improve neural network robustness in power systems, and addresses concerns related to scalability and accuracy. We demonstrate our methods on the IEEE 9-bus, 14-bus, and 162-bus systems, treating both N-1 security and small-signal stability.

Automated summary

This paper introduces a framework for verifying neural network behavior in power system applications, using mixed-integer linear programming to determine the range of inputs classified by neural networks and identify adversarial examples. These methods have the potential to unlock new applications in power systems.