Journal
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
Volume 8, Issue 50, Pages 18535-18544Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c06477
Keywords
sodium-ion battery; antimony; phosphorus; anode; energy storage; nanocomposites
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Science and Technology [MOST 108-2622-8007-016, MOST 109-2636-E-007-011]
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Ultrafine (3-S nm in diameters) antimony (Sb) nanocrystals embedded in phosphorus (P) pitaya-like nanocomposites (Sb/P composites) were fabricated via a facile chemical precipitation synthesis. In this pitaya-like structure, P as a buffer matrix could effectively mitigate volume expansion/contraction of Sb and enhance the structural integrity during the Na+-insertion/extraction process. Moreover, P acted as an active material to contribute capacity for the overall active material, resulting in Na-ion storage capacity higher than that of mono-Sb. When regarded as anode materials, Sb/P nanocomposites delivered a capacity of 795.9 mA h g(-1) and maintained great cyclability (478.1 mA h g(-1) at 800 mA g(-1) over 500 cycles). Furthermore, the rate capability (341.5 mA h g(-1) at 32 A g(-1)) was better than the reported literature under higher current density. Most importantly, operando X-ray diffraction and ex situ transmission electron microscopy results were carried out to investigate the structural evolutions of Sb/P, indicating the electrochemical mechanism of the Na3Sb and Na3P alloys during the cycling process, which imply that both Sb and P in the nanocomposite could react with Na ions completely. This work possesses an innovative material morphology and replaces the general carbon-based buffer matrix with phosphorus so that the pitaya-like Sb/P composites may become a good alternative in a Na-ion system.
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