Journal
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
Volume 10, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78789-y
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Funding
- Bloomberg Philanthropies through the Health Effects Institute
- ClimateWorks Foundation
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada
- Indo-US Science and Technology Forum (IUSSTF) under real time air quality monitoring scheme
- Environmental Health Fund (Israel)
- Israel Science Foundation [236/16]
- Ministry of Research, Technology & Higher Education, under World Class University (WCU)
- Singapore National Research Foundation (NRF) through the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Center for Environmental Sensing and Modeling
- NASA Applied Science Program [80NSSC19K0191]
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory [1588347, 1363692]
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Globally consistent measurements of airborne metal concentrations in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are important for understanding potential health impacts, prioritizing air pollution mitigation strategies, and enabling global chemical transport model development. PM2.5 filter samples (N similar to 800 from 19 locations) collected from a globally distributed surface particulate matter sampling network (SPARTAN) between January 2013 and April 2019 were analyzed for particulate mass and trace metals content. Metal concentrations exhibited pronounced spatial variation, primarily driven by anthropogenic activities. PM2.5 levels of lead, arsenic, chromium, and zinc were significantly enriched at some locations by factors of 100-3000 compared to crustal concentrations. Levels of metals in PM2.5 and PM10 exceeded health guidelines at multiple sites. For example, Dhaka and Kanpur sites exceeded the US National Ambient Air 3-month Quality Standard for lead (150 ng m(-3)). Kanpur, Hanoi, Beijing and Dhaka sites had annual mean arsenic concentrations that approached or exceeded the World Health Organization's risk level for arsenic (6.6 ng m(-3)). The high concentrations of several potentially harmful metals in densely populated cites worldwide motivates expanded measurements and analyses.
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