Journal
NUTRIENTS
Volume 12, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu12123906
Keywords
glycemic variability; oxidative stress; neuroinflammation; cognitive dysfunction; vascular dysfunction; endothelial inflammation; blood– brain barrier; diabetes
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Health (NIH)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease [DK020495, DK123227]
- CTSA from the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS), components of the NIH [KL2TR001962]
- NIH roadmap for Medical Research
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Glucose is the primary energy source for the brain, and exposure to both high and low levels of glucose has been associated with numerous adverse central nervous system (CNS) outcomes. While a large body of work has highlighted the impact of hyperglycemia on peripheral and central measures of oxidative stress, cognitive deficits, and vascular complications in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, there is growing evidence that glycemic variability significantly drives increased oxidative stress, leading to neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction. In this review, the latest data on the impact of glycemic variability on brain function and neuroinflammation will be presented. Because high levels of oxidative stress have been linked to dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), special emphasis will be placed on studies investigating the impact of glycemic variability on endothelial and vascular inflammation. The latest clinical and preclinical/in vitro data will be reviewed, and clinical/therapeutic implications will be discussed.
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