Enhancement of 3D-Printable Materials by Dual-Curing Procedures

Dual-curing thermosetting systems are recently being developed as an alternative to conventional curing systems due to their processing flexibility and the possibility of enhancing the properties of cured parts in single- or multi-stage processing scenarios. Most dual-curing systems currently employed in three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies are aimed at improving the quality and properties of the printed parts. However, further benefit can be obtained from control in the curing sequence, making it possible to obtain partially reacted 3D-printed parts with tailored structure and properties, and to complete the reaction by activation of a second polymerization reaction in a subsequent processing stage. This paves the way for a range of novel applications based on the controlled reactivity and functionality of this intermediate material and the final consolidation of the 3D-printed part after this second processing stage. In this review, different strategies and the latest developments based on the concept of dual-curing are analyzed, with a focus on the enhanced functionality and emerging applications of the processed materials.

Automated summary

Dual-curing thermosetting systems have been developed as an alternative to conventional curing systems, offering processing flexibility and the ability to enhance properties of cured parts. These systems, particularly in 3D printing technologies, aim to improve quality and properties of printed parts, with the added benefit of controlling the curing sequence for tailored structure and properties. This opens up opportunities for novel applications based on the controlled reactivity and functionality of the intermediate material and final consolidation of 3D-printed parts.