Impact of climate change on surface runoff: a case study of the Darabad River, northeast of Iran

Climate change is one of the major challenges affecting natural ecosystems and various aspects of human life. The effects of global warming on the hydrology and water cycle in nature are very serious, and the quantitative recognition of these effects creates more readiness to deal with its consequences. In the present study, the 2006-2100 period is predicted based on the statistical downscaling model (SDSM). Finally, the effects of climate change on the hydrological conditions in the Darabad watershed are simulated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The SWAT model calibration is done based on the SUFI-2 algorithm, and the effective and optimal parameter is identified. The results of the study, while confirming the efficiency of both SDSM in climate simulations and SWAT in hydrological simulation, showed that the increase in precipitation and temperature is probably in future climate conditions for the 2010-2040 period. The surface flow and runoff at the watershed area during the observation period (1970-2010) is 0.29 m(3)/s, but this value for the predicted period with regard to climate change in the RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5 scenarios is equal to 0.43, 0.44, and 0.45 m(3)/s. The results of research, while highlighting the importance of effects of climate change, make it essential to apply them for proper management in order to adapt to climate change in the future policies of the Darabad watershed management.

Automated summary

Climate change is a major challenge affecting natural ecosystems and human life, requiring accurate predictions and effective management to adapt to future climate conditions. Research results indicate that with climate change, precipitation and temperature may increase in the future Darabad watershed, necessitating corresponding measures to address these changes.