Journal
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
Volume 11, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202003712
Keywords
intermediate phase; operational stability; perovskite solar cells; scalability; solar modules
Categories
Funding
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit of the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University
- OIST R&D Cluster Research Program
- OIST Proof of Concept (POC) Program
- OIST Micro/Nanofabrication Section and Imaging Section
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The study introduces a strategy to fabricate large-area uniform and dense perovskite films with the addition of NH4Cl to the precursor solution. The resulting perovskite solar modules demonstrate high efficiency and good operational stability, exceeding 1600 hours of T-80 lifetime for the 5 x 5 cm^2 module.
In addition to high efficiencies, upscaling and long-term operational stability are key pre-requisites for moving perovskite solar cells toward commercial applications. In this work, a strategy to fabricate large-area uniform and dense perovskite films with a thickness over one-micrometer via a two-step coating process by introducing NH4Cl as an additive in the PbI2 precursor solution is developed. Incorporation of NH4Cl induces the formation of the intermediate phases of x[NH4+]center dot[PbI2Clx](x)(-) and HPbI3-xClx, which can effectively retard the crystallization rate of perovskite leading to uniform and compact full-coverage perovskite layers across large areas with high crystallinity, large grain sizes, and small surface roughness. The 5 x 5 and 10 x 10 cm(2) perovskite solar modules (PSMs) based on this method achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.55% and 10.25%, respectively. These PSMs also exhibit good operational stability with a T-80 lifetime (the time during which the solar module PCE drops to 80% of its initial value) under continuous light illumination exceeding 1600 h (5 x 5 cm(2)) and 1100 h (10 x 10 cm(2)), respectively.
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