Journal
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 12, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
NATURE RESEARCH
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20515-3
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51973110, 21734009, 21905102, 61805138]
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences [BNLMS201902]
- Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
- Office of Naval Research [N00014-17-1-2201, N00014-20-1-2191]
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-18-1-0046]
- Boeing-Johnson Chair Professorship
- Lee Shau Kee Chair Professorship (Materials Science)
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao joint laboratory of optoelectronic and magnetic materials [2019B121205002]
- Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research [2019B030302007]
- DOE, Office of Science
- Office of Basic Energy Sciences
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This study investigates the active layer morphology transition of organic photovoltaics under thermal annealing, revealing the critical coupling and competition of crystallization and demixing in morphology evolution. A unified model summarizing different phase diagrams and kinetic routes is proposed, providing useful morphology optimization guidelines for processing devices with higher efficiency and stability.
The active layer morphology transition of organic photovoltaics under non-equilibrium conditions are of vital importance in determining the device power conversion efficiency and stability; however, a general and unified picture on this issue has not been well addressed. Using combined in situ and ex situ morphology characterizations, morphological parameters relating to kinetics and thermodynamics of morphology evolution are extracted and studied in model systems under thermal annealing. The coupling and competition of crystallization and demixing are found to be critical in morphology evolution, phase purification and interfacial orientation. A unified model summarizing different phase diagrams and all possible kinetic routes is proposed. The current observations address the fundamental issues underlying the formation of the complex multi-length scale morphology in bulk heterojunction blends and provide useful morphology optimization guidelines for processing devices with higher efficiency and stability.
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