Biogenic Fenton process - A possible mechanism for the mineralization of organic carbon in fresh waters

To explore the mechanisms that mineralize poorly bioavailable natural organic carbon (OC), we measured the mineralization of OC in two lake waters over long-term experiments (up to 623 days) at different pH and iron (Fe) levels. Both the microbial and photochemical mineralization of OC was higher at pH acidified to 4 than at the ambient pH 5 or an elevated pH 6. During 244 days, microbes mineralized up to 60% of OC in the 10-mu m filtrates of lake water and more than 27% in the 1-mu m filtrates indicating that large-sized microbes/grazers enhance the mineralization of OC. A reactivity continuum model indicated that the acidification stimulated the microbial mineralization of OC especially in the later (> weeks) phases of experiment when the bioavailability of OC was poor. The reactive oxygen species produced by light or microbial metabolism could have contributed to the mineralization of poorly bioavailable OC through photochemical and biogenic Fenton processes catalyzed by the indigenous Fe in lake water. When Fe was introduced to artificial lake water to the concentration found in the study lakes, it increased the densities of bacteria growing on solid phase extracted dissolved organic matter and in a larger extent at low pH 4 than at pH 5. Our results suggest that in addition to the photochemical Fenton process (photo-Fenton), microbes can transfer poorly bioavailable OC into labile forms and CO2 through extracellular Fe-catalyzed reactions (i.e., biogenic Fenton process). (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

The study explored the mechanisms of mineralizing poorly bioavailable OC in lake waters through long-term experiments at different pH and Fe levels. Microbial and photochemical mineralization of OC were found to be higher at pH 4 compared to ambient pH 5 or elevated pH 6, with acidification stimulating microbial mineralization especially in the later stages of the experiment when OC bioavailability was poor. Additionally, the study showed that Fe could enhance the mineralization of poorly bioavailable OC through biogenic Fenton processes catalyzed by indigenous Fe in lake water.