Journal
VIROLOGY
Volume 556, Issue -, Pages 23-32Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.01.001
Keywords
Baculovirus; Cell lysis; Cysteine protease; Virus release; Chitinase; Enzyme protein-protein interaction; Nuclear lysis
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R01AI091972]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [RGPIN2014-05472]
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The protease activity of cathepsin in Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus is crucial for efficient release of chitinase and cathepsin enzymes, as well as for the release of progeny OBs. This study suggests an important relationship between baculovirus-induced cell lysis, maturation of cathepsin, and the cellular release of enzymes and OBs.
Baculovirus-infected larvae release progeny viral occlusion bodies (OBs) to enable cyclical virus transmission to new hosts. The alphabaculovirus chitinase and cathepsin enzymes cause terminal liquefaction of host insect cadavers, aiding OB dispersal. The mechanism of cell lysis required to release the OBs is unclear but here we show Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus cathepsin protease activity is required for efficient release of the host tissue-degrading chitinase and cathepsin enzymes and critical for release of progeny OBs from virus-infected cells. Comparisons between viruses containing or lacking cathepsin indicate that cathepsin was necessary for OB release into cultured cell media or hemolymph of insects. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of cysteine protease activity in cells during infection blocked maturation of active cathepsin and OB release from infected cells. Together, these results suggest an important link between baculovirus-induced cell lysis, the concomitant maturation of cathepsin, and cellular release of chitinase, cathepsin and progeny OBs from cells.
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