Journal
URBAN WATER JOURNAL
Volume 18, Issue 4, Pages 209-222Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/1573062X.2020.1864832
Keywords
Contamination events; vulnerability; water distribution systems; water quality; bacterial regrowth
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This study proposes a modeling framework to quantify the effects of deliberate organic contamination events on water distribution systems by combining bacterial regrowth and chlorine decay models. Vulnerability indexes are used to quantify the impact of each attack and identify critical areas of the network. Sensitivity analysis reveals the network's sensitivity to dynamic variables like mass injection, injection duration, and organic carbon concentration.
This work proposes a modeling framework to quantify the effects of deliberate organic contamination events on water distribution systems. A bacterial regrowth model and a first parallel chlorine decay model were combined to describe the biochemical water species kinetics during a deliberate contaminant injection consisting of organic (TOC) and bacterial loads. Several attacks were modeled using EPANET-MSX. The impact of each attack was quantified using vulnerability indexes measuring the number of consumers affected and other metrics. These vulnerability indexes were then used to depict the network's response to a potential threat and identify the most critical areas of the network. A sensitivity analysis was also performed to determine the network's sensitivity to three dynamic network variables (mass injection, injection duration, and organic carbon concertation in water). An increase on bacterial populations was observed during the contaminant spread to the network, which in turn signals additional health risk to consumers.
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