Journal
ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY
Volume 70, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105339
Keywords
Ultrasonic; WS2 nanosheets; W/WO3/WS2 electrode; Photoelectrochemical
Categories
Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korea government (MIST: Ministry of Science and ICT) [2019R1A2C2085250]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2019R1A2C2085250] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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The sonochemical treatment method has been utilized for fabricating WO3/WS2 photoanodes with improved photoelectrochemical performance. WS2 nanosheets deposition onto WO3 enhanced photocurrent density and incident photon current efficiency, showing potential for enhancing photoelectrochemical efficiency.
A sonochemical treatment has been an emerged technique as an interesting method for fabricating different photocatalysts with unique photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties. This study investigated the PEC performance of WO3 with WS2 nanosheets as a 2D material before calcination (WO3/WS2-90) and after calcination (WO3/ WS2-450) prepared with sonochemical treatment. The WS2 nanosheets were prepared from a liquid exfoliation phase with few-layer nanosheets, approximately 6.5 nm in thickness. The nanosheets were confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Further, XPS, RAMAN, and SEM-EDAX analyses indicated that, following calcination of the WO3/WS2 electrode, the WS2 nanosheets initially transformed to 2D-WO3. After depositing the WS2 nanosheets on the WO3, the photocurrent density increased substantially. The WO3/WS2-450 films after calcination showed a photocurrent density of 5.6 mA.cm(-2) at 1.23 V vs. Ag/AgCl, which was 3.1 and 7.2 times higher, respectively than those of the WO3/WS2-90 before calcination and pure WO3. Mott-Schottky and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses confirmed the fabrication of the WO3/WS2 photoanode after calcination. The deposition of WS2 nanosheets onto pure WO3 increased the donor concentration (24-fold), reduced the space charge layer (4.6-fold), and decreased the flat band potential (1.6-fold), which could all help improve the photoelectrochemical efficiency. Moreover, the incorporation of WO3 with WS2 nanosheets as a 2D material (WO3/WS2-450) enhanced the incident photon current efficiency (IPCE) by 55%. In addition, the applied-bias photon-to-current conversion efficiency of the WO3/WS2-450 films was approximately 2.26% at 0.75 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), which is 5.6 and 9 times higher, respectively than those of WO3/WS2-90 and pure WO3.
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