Neural Circuits of Interoception

The present paper considers recent progress in our understanding of the afferent/ascending neural pathways and neural circuits of interoception. Of particular note is the extensive role of rostral neural systems, including cortical systems, in the recognition of internal body states, and the reciprocal role of efferent/descending systems in the regulation of those states. Together these reciprocal interacting networks entail interoceptive circuits that play an important role in a broad range of functions beyond the homeostatic maintenance of physiological steady-states. These include the regulation of behavioral, cognitive, and affective processes across conscious and nonconscious levels of processing. We highlight recent advances and knowledge gaps that are important for accelerating progress in the study of interoception.

Automated summary

This paper reviews recent progress in understanding the afferent/ascending neural pathways and neural circuits involved in interoception, highlighting the crucial role of rostral neural systems in recognizing internal body states and the reciprocal role of efferent/descending systems in regulating these states. These interacting networks form interoceptive circuits that go beyond maintaining physiological steady-states and play a significant role in regulating behavioral, cognitive, and affective processes across conscious and nonconscious levels of processing. Important advances and knowledge gaps in the study of interoception are discussed to accelerate progress in this field.