Journal
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 42, Issue 1, Pages 18-30Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.11.002
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Funding
- Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla (FISM) [2018/R/4]
- FISM [2016/R/18, 2018/S/5]
- Progetti di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale (PRIN) [2017 K55HLC 001]
- Italian Ministry of Health Ricerca Corrente -IRCCS MultiMedica
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Severe infection with SARS-CoV-2 is characterized by massive cytokine release and T cell loss. The exaggerated host immune response, possibly dependent on T cell immunological memory, may significantly contribute to immunopathology and massive collateral damage in COVID-19 patients, especially in adults compared with children.
Severe infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 is characterized by massive cytokine release and T cell loss. The exaggerated host immune response, incapable of viral clearance, instead aggravates respiratory distress, as well as cardiac, and/or damage to other organs. The mortality pattern of SARS-CoV-2 infection, higher in older versus younger adults and almost absent in children, is possibly caused by the effects of age and pre-existing comorbidities on innate and adaptive immunity. Here, we speculate that the abnormal and excessive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection partly depends on T cell immunological memory, which is more pronounced in adults compared with children, and may significantly contribute to immunopathology and massive collateral damage in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.
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