Journal
SURFACE REVIEW AND LETTERS
Volume 28, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
DOI: 10.1142/S0218625X21400011
Keywords
Graphene; two-dimensional materials; van der Waals structures; electron holography; convergent beam electron diffraction
Categories
Funding
- EU Graphene Flagship Program [CNECTICT-604391]
- European Research Council Synergy Grant Hetero2D [319277]
- European Research Council Starting Grant EvoluTEM [715502]
- Royal Society
- EPSRC [EP/S019367/1, EP/P026850/1, EP/N010345/1, EP/P009050/1, EP/S021531/1]
- FLAGERA project TRANS2DTMD
- European Research Council (ERC) [319277] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
- EPSRC [EP/P025021/1, EP/S019367/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) has been widely used in studying 2D materials to investigate structural defects, adsorbates, atomic displacements, and interlayer distances. The interference patterns in individual CBED spots of 2D crystals can be reconstructed using conventional holography methods. Recent studies have applied CBED to analyze defects, interlayer distances, adsorbates, and moire patterns in van der Waals systems.
Convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) performed on two-dimensional (2D) materials recently emerged as a powerful tool to study structural and stacking defects, adsorbates, atomic 3D displacements in the layers, and the interlayer distances. The formation of the interference patterns in individual CBED spots of 2D crystals can be considered as a hologram, thus the CBED patterns can be directly reconstructed by conventional reconstruction methods adapted from holography. In this study, we review recent results applying CBED to 2D crystals and their heterostructures: holographic CBED on bilayers with the reconstruction of defects and the determination of interlayer distance, CBED on 2D crystal monolayers to reveal adsorbates, and CBED on multilayered van der Waals systems with moire patterns for local structural determination.
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