4.6 Review

Sleep duration and metabolic syndrome: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal

SLEEP MEDICINE REVIEWS
Volume 59, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

W B SAUNDERS CO LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101451

Keywords

Sleep duration; Short sleep; Long sleep; Metabolic syndrome

Funding

  1. National Natural Science Foundation of China [81600068, 81970087]
  2. Medical Science Foundation of Guangdong Provence [A2018296]
  3. Grant for Key Disciplinary Project of Clinical Medicine under the Guangdong High-level University Development Program
  4. Department of Education of Guangdong Province [2017KTSCX065]
  5. 2020 Li Ka Shing Foundation Cross-Disciplinary Research Grant [2020LKSFG05B]

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One new study found an association between short sleep duration and metabolic syndrome, while the association between long sleep duration and prevalent metabolic syndrome may exist in cross-sectional studies. Interestingly, the association between long sleep and metabolic syndrome was found in sleep duration defined by 24-hour sleep (including naps).
We examined the association between self-reported sleep duration and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Data were collected from 36 cross-sectional and 9 longitudinal studies with a total of 164,799 MetS subjects and 430,895 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) for prevalent MetS and risk ratios (RRs) for incident MetS were calculated through meta-analyses of adjusted data from individual studies. Short sleep duration was significantly associated with increased prevalent MetS (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.05-1.18) and incident MetS (RR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.07-1.53) in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, respectively. Furthermore, long sleep duration was significantly associated with increased prevalent MetS in cross-sectional studies (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.05-1.23), but not incident MetS (RR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.95-1.41) in longitudinal studies. Interestingly, the association between long sleep and prevalent MetS was found in sleep duration defined by 24-h sleep (including naps) rather than nighttime sleep. Our findings suggest 1) a U-shape relationship between sleep duration and MetS in cross-sectional studies and 2) association between short sleep duration, but not long sleep duration with incident MetS. Future studies should shed light on the underlying mechanisms related to the association between sleep duration and MetS and examine if normalizing sleep duration reduces MetS risk in the general population. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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