Journal
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
Volume 81, Issue -, Pages 145-159Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.016
Keywords
Therapeutic resistance; Lethal cancer; Convergent evolution; Polyploid giant cancer cells; Whole genome doubling
Categories
Funding
- Swedish Research Council [2019-05254]
- Crafoord Foundation
- European Union [949538]
- NIH/NCI [U54CA143970-05]
- US Department of Defense CDMRP/PCRP [W81XWH-20-10353]
- Patrick C. Walsh Prostate Cancer Research Fund
- Prostate Cancer Foundation
- NCI [U54CA143803, CA163124, CA093900, CA143055]
- William and Carolyn Stutt Research Fund
- Ronald Rose,MC Dean, Inc.
- David and June Trone Family Foundation
- Jones Family Foundation
- [NIH/NCIR01CA170595]
- Swedish Research Council [2019-05254] Funding Source: Swedish Research Council
- European Research Council (ERC) [949538] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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Unusually large cancer cells with abnormal nuclei have been observed since 1858, but disregarded as senescent or dying cells. However, recent research suggests that these cells utilize whole genome doubling and pausing proliferation as a survival strategy against stress, and they are responsible for therapeutic resistance and cancer lethality.
Unusually large cancer cells with abnormal nuclei have been documented in the cancer literature since 1858. For more than 100 years, they have been generally disregarded as irreversibly senescent or dying cells, too morphologically misshapen and chromatin too disorganized to be functional. Cell enlargement, accompanied by whole genome doubling or more, is observed across organisms, often associated with mitigation strategies against environmental change, severe stress, or the lack of nutrients. Our comparison of the mechanisms for polyploidization in other organisms and non-transformed tissues suggest that cancer cells draw from a conserved program for their survival, utilizing whole genome doubling and pausing proliferation to survive stress. These polyaneuploid cancer cells (PACCs) are the source of therapeutic resistance, responsible for cancer recurrence and, ultimately, cancer lethality.
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