Journal
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
Volume 200, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101973
Keywords
Astrocyte; Microglia; Neurodegenerative disease; Human iPSC; In vitro
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Funding
- Francis Crick Institute from Cancer Research UK [FC010110]
- UK Medical Research Council [FC010110]
- Wellcome Trust [FC010110]
- MRC Senior Clinical Fellowship [MR/S006591/1]
- MRC [MR/S006591/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Astrocytes and microglia play critical roles in maintaining homeostasis and immune functions in the healthy central nervous system, with dysfunction implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases. Human in vitro models offer unique insights into disease biology by providing a manipulable model system directly from patients.
Both astrocytes and microglia fulfil homeostatic and immune functions in the healthy CNS. Dysfunction of these cell types have been implicated in the pathomechanisms of several neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the cellular autonomy and early pathological changes in these cell types may inform drug screening and therapy development. While animal models and post-mortem tissue have been invaluable in understanding disease processes, the advent of human in vitro models provides a unique insight into disease biology as a manipulable model system obtained directly from patients. Here, we discuss the different human in vitro models of astrocytes and microglia and outline the phenotypes that have been recapitulated in these systems.
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