Journal
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
Volume 111, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110206
Keywords
Calorie restriction; Intermittent fasting; Ketone bodies; BDNF; Depression; Evolutionary aspects
Funding
- Department of Psychiatry
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry (FoMD) at the University of Alberta
- TRIP Research Allowance (TRP GB) from the FoMD
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This review explores the effects of calorie restriction and intermittent fasting on depression, discussing the possible neurobiological mechanisms and factors contributing to improved symptoms. It also addresses challenges in research and the need for further long term clinical studies into the acute impacts of these dietary manipulations.
In recent years, there has been a great deal of interest in the effects of calorie reduction (calorie restriction) and fasting on depression. In the current paper, we have reviewed the literature in this area, with discussion of the possible neurobiological mechanisms involved in calorie restriction and intermittent fasting. Factors which may play a role in the effects of these dietary manipulations on health include changes involving free fatty acids, ketone bodies, neurotransmitters, cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cytokines, orexin, ghrelin, leptin, reactive oxygen species and autophagy. Several of these factors are potential contributors to improving symptoms of depression. Challenges encountered in research on calorie restriction and intermittent fasting are also discussed. Although much is now known about the acute effects of calorie restriction and intermittent fasting, further long term clinical studies are warranted.
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