Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 117, Issue 51, Pages 32519-32527Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017094117
Keywords
epigenetic inheritance; epigenetic remodeling; DNA methylation; Apis mellifera
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Funding
- Hermon Slade Foundation [HSF1801]
- Australian Research Council [DP150100151, DP1801011696]
- Westmead Research Hub
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research
- Cancer Institute New South Wales
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Ian Potter Foundation
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The evolutionary significance of epigenetic inheritance is controversial. While epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation can affect gene function and change in response to environmental conditions, their role as carriers of heritable information is often considered anecdotal. Indeed, near-complete DNA methylation reprogramming, as occurs during mammalian embryogenesis, is a major hindrance for the transmission of nongenetic information between generations. Yet it remains unclear how general DNA methylation reprogramming is across the tree of life. Here we investigate the existence of epigenetic inheritance in the honey bee. We studied whether fathers can transfer epigenetic information to their daughters through DNA methylation. We performed instrumental inseminations of queens, each with four different males, retaining half of each male's semen for whole genome bisulfite sequencing. We then compared the methylation profile of each father's somatic tissue and semen with the methylation profile of his daughters. We found that DNA methylation patterns were highly conserved between tissues and generations. There was a much greater similarity of methylomes within patrilines (i.e., father-daughter subfamilies) than between patrilines in each colony. Indeed, the samples' methylomes consistently clustered by patriline within colony. Samples from the same patriline had twice as many shared methylated sites and four times fewer differentially methylated regions compared to samples from different patrilines. Our findings indicate that there is no DNA methylation reprogramming in bees and, consequently, that DNA methylation marks are stably transferred between generations. This points to a greater evolutionary potential of the epigenome in invertebrates than there is in mammals.
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