Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 118, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2012847118
Keywords
plasmons; polaritons; graphene; superconductivity; near-field microscopy
Categories
Funding
- European Commission through the project Graphene-Driven Revolutions in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Beyond [881603-Core 3]
- Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [UID/FIS/04650/2019]
- Portuguese FCT [POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028114]
- VILLUM FONDEN [16498]
- Independent Research Fund Denmark [7026-00117B]
- University of Southern Denmark (SDU) (SDU 2020 funding)
- Danish National Research Foundation [DNRF103]
- Center on Precision-Assembled Quantum Materials through US National Science Foundation Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers [DMR-2011738]
- Government of Catalonia trough the SGR grant
- Span-ish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) through the Severo Ochoa Program for Centers of Excellence in Research Development [SEV2015-0522]
- Fundacio Cellex Barcelona, Generalitat de Catalunya through the Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA) program
- MINECO [FIS2016-81044-P]
- Agency for Management of University and Research Grants [2017 SGR 1656]
- European Union's Horizon 2020 program under the Graphene Flagship [785219, 881603]
- European Union's Horizon 2020 program under the Quantum Flagship [820378]
- European Research Council (ERC) TOPONANOP [726001]
- European Research Council (ERC) [726001] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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The Higgs mode of a superconductor, difficult to observe by far-field optics, can be clearly visible using near-field optics and ultraconfined graphene plasmons. The coupling to the Higgs mode is clearly visible in both cases of graphene plasmons and quantum emitters, offering experimental knobs for studying the electrodynamics of superconductors.
We show that the Higgs mode of a superconductor, which is usually challenging to observe by far-field optics, can be made clearly visible using near-field optics by harnessing ultraconfined graphene plasmons. As near-field sources we investigate two examples: graphene plasmons and quantum emitters. In both cases the coupling to the Higgs mode is clearly visible. In the case of the graphene plasmons, the coupling is signaled by a clear anticrossing stemming from the interaction of graphene plasmons with the Higgs mode of the superconductor. In the case of the quantum emitters, the Higgs mode is observable through the Purcell effect. When combining the superconductor, graphene, and the quantum emitters, a number of experimental knobs become available for unveiling and studying the electrodynamics of superconductors.
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