Patterns of tobacco use and nicotine dependence among youth, United States, 2017-2018

This study examined patterns of tobacco product use and their association with nicotine dependence among U.S. youth. Combined data from the 2017-2018 National Youth Tobacco Surveys were analyzed for students that reported current (past-30-day) use of e-cigarettes, cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, or hookah (n = 6106). Analyses assessed multiple product use (>2 tobacco products) overall and by sex, school level, race/ethnicity, current use, and frequent use (use of a product for >20 of the preceding 30 days). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify correlates of nicotine dependence. During 2017-2018, 40.8% of tobacco product users reported use of multiple products. Multiple product use ranged from 47.0% among e-cigarette users to 80.7% among cigarette smokers. Among frequent users of each respective product, 80.0% of cigarette smokers, 74.9% of cigar smokers, 73.6% of smokeless tobacco users, 70.7% of hookah smokers, and 40.3% of e-cigarette users reported use of multiple products. Most youth who reported nicotine dependence (64.0%) were multiple product users. E-cigarettes were the most common single product used (36.3%) and the product most commonly used in combination with other products; e-cigarettes plus cigarettes (6.7%) was the most common product combination. Combustible product use, smokeless tobacco use, multiple product use and frequent use were associated with greater odds of nicotine dependence. Nicotine dependence among youth is especially influenced by cigarette use, smokeless tobacco use, frequent use of any tobacco product, and multiple product use. Proven tobacco control interventions in coordination with regulatory efforts can reduce youth tobacco product use.