Magnetic resonance imaging of the brainstem in children, part 2: acquired pathology of the pediatric brainstem

Part 1 of this series of two articles describes conventional and advanced MRI techniques that are useful for evaluating brainstem pathologies. In addition, it provides a review of the embryology, normal progression of myelination, and clinically and radiologically salient imaging anatomy of the normal brainstem. Finally, it discusses congenital diseases of the brainstem with a focus on distinctive imaging features that allow for differentiating pathologies. Part 2 of this series of two articles includes discussion of neoplasms; infections; and vascular, demyelinating, toxic, metabolic and miscellaneous disease processes affecting the brainstem. The ultimate goal of this pair of articles is to empower the radiologist to add clinical value in the care of pediatric patients with brainstem pathologies.

Automated summary

The first article focuses on MRI techniques for brainstem pathologies and the normal anatomy, while the second article covers a broader range of diseases affecting the brainstem. The goal of both articles is to enhance the radiologist's ability to add clinical value in caring for pediatric patients with brainstem pathologies.