Journal
ORAL DISEASES
Volume 28, Issue 3, Pages 639-647Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/odi.13775
Keywords
Islet of Langerhans; Macrophage; NOD mouse; Salivary gland; Sjö gren' s syndrome; Type 1 Diabetes
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Funding
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen
- Danish Dental Association Research Foundation
- Kirsten and Freddy Johannsen's Foundation
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A lifelong gluten-free (GF) diet reduces immune cell infiltration in salivary glands and pancreatic islets in NOD mice, alleviating inflammation. The study suggests that a GF diet may help alleviate autoimmune diseases such as T1D and SS.
Objectives A lifelong gluten-free (GF) diet ameliorates autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and most likely in humans. Besides diabetes, NOD mice develop focal sialadenitis, as seen in Sjogren's syndrome (SS). In humans, type 1 diabetes (T1D) is also linked to SS. Here, we investigated whether a lifelong GF diet influences the immune cell infiltration in the salivary glands and pancreatic islets in NOD mice. Methods NOD mice were fed a lifelong (i.e. 13 weeks) GF or gluten-containing standard (STD) diet. Insulitis and sialadenitis were scored on H&E-stained paraffin-embedded sections of pancreas and submandibular glands. Immune cell specificity and distribution were investigated immunohistochemically. Results There were fewer CD68+ and CD4+ cells in submandibular gland areas with focal sialadenitis as well as reduced insulitis and fewer VEGFR2+ cells in pancreatic islets in mice on GF versus STD diet. The degree of sialadenitis was not significantly lower in GF mice, but sialadenitis and insulitis correlated strongly. Lung weight was lower in GF mice. Conclusion In NOD mice, a lifelong GF diet reduces infiltration of monocytes/macrophages and T cells in salivary glands and inflammation in pancreatic islets, possibly by reducing VEGFR2, indicating that the linked autoimmune diseases, T1D and SS, may be alleviated by a GF diet.
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