Journal
NEW PHYTOLOGIST
Volume 230, Issue 2, Pages 457-461Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/nph.17204
Keywords
adaptation; evolution; genomics; introgression; polyploidy
Categories
Funding
- PRIMUS Research Programme of Charles University [PRIMUS/17/SCI/23]
- long-term research development project of the Czech Academy of Sciences [RVO 67985939]
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (ERC-StG HOTSPOT) [679056]
- European Research Council (ERC) [679056] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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Rare evidence shows that whole genome duplication (WGD) can break down reproductive barriers and facilitate gene flow. Recent studies in wild Arabidopsis species indicate that WGD can be adaptive and specific in response to challenges, primarily due to relative dosage of parental genomes in the endosperm. Some polyploids can act as adaptable 'allelic sponges', responding better to challenging environments.
Rare yet accumulating evidence in both plants and animals shows that whole genome duplication (WGD, leading to polyploidy) can break down reproductive barriers, facilitating gene flow between otherwise isolated species. Recent population genomic studies in wild, outcrossing Arabidopsis arenosa and Arabidopsis lyrata indicate that this WGD-potentiated gene flow can be adaptive and highly specific in response to particular environmental and intracellular challenges. The mechanistic basis of WGD-mediated easing of species barrier strength seems to primarily lie in the relative dosage of each parental genome in the endosperm. While generalisations about polyploids can be fraught, this evidence indicates that the breakdown of these barriers, combined with diploid to polyploid gene flow and gene flow between polyploids, allows some polyploids to act as adaptable 'allelic sponges', enjoying increased potential to respond to challenging environments.
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