Journal
NEUROREPORT
Volume 32, Issue 3, Pages 228-237Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000001577
Keywords
blood– brain barrier; intracerebral hemorrhage; memantine; neuronal nitric oxide synthase; peroxynitrite
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81760224]
- Youth Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province [20171BAB215019]
- Science and technology research Foundation of Jiangxi Provincial department of education [GJJ160123]
- Foundation of Jiangxi health and Family Planning Commission [20185081]
- Nature Science Foundation of Hubei Province [2019CFC863]
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Memantine has shown neuroprotective effects in an intracerebral hemorrhage rat model by reducing phosphorylation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase ser(1412) and inhibiting peroxynitrite-related MMP-9 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, leading to improvements in blood-brain barrier disruption and neurological deficits.
Memantine has demonstrated beneficial effects on several types of brain insults via therapeutic mechanisms mainly related to its activity as a receptor antagonist of N-methyl-d-aspartate. However, the influences of memantine on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remain obscure. This research probed into the neurovascular protective mechanisms of memantine after ICH and its impacts on neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) ser(1412) phosphorylation. ICH model was established by employing intrastriatal collagenase injection in rats. After modeling, rats were then allocated randomly into sham-operated (sham), vehicle-treated (ICH+V), and memantine-administrated (ICH+M) groups. Memantine (20 mg/kg/day) was intraperitoneally administered 30 min after ICH and thenceforth once daily. Rats were dedicated at 0.25, 6, 12, 24 h, 3 and 7 d post-ICH for measurement of corresponding indexes. Behavioral changes, brain edema, levels of nNOS ser(1412) phosphorylation, peroxynitrite, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, NLRP3, IL-1 beta and numbers of dying neurons, as well as the cellular localization of gelatinolytic activity, were detected among the groups. Memantine improved the neurologic deficits and mitigated brain water content, levels of MMP-9, NLRP3, IL-1 beta and dying neurons. Additionally, treatment with memantine also reduced nNOS ser(1412) phosphorylation and peroxynitrite formation compared with the ICH+V group at 24 h after ICH. In situ zymography simultaneously revealed that gelatinase activity was primarily colocalized with vessel walls and neurons. We concluded that memantine ameliorated blood-brain barrier disruption and neurologic dysfunction in an ICH rat model. The underlying mechanism might involve repression of nNOS ser(1412) phosphorylation, as well as peroxynitrite-related MMP-9 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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