Journal
NEUROIMAGE
Volume 225, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117515
Keywords
Neurostimulation; Cognitive neuroscience; Electrophysiology; Deep brain stimulation
Funding
- NIH/NINDS [UH3 NS100548-01, R01 MH119384-01, R01 MH111872, R21 MH120785, R01 NS113804-01]
- MnDRIVE Brain Conditions Program
- University of Minnesota's Medical Discovery Team on Addiction
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DBS is a promising intervention for treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders, but response rates in randomized controlled trials are much lower, research focuses on targeting and personalized imaging, neglecting the fact that disorders stem from dysfunction in distributed brain networks.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising intervention for treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders, particularly major depressive disorder (MDD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Up to 90% of patients who have not recovered with therapy or medication have reported benefit from DBS in open-label studies. Response rates in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), however, have been much lower. This has been argued to arise from surgical variability between sites, and recent psychiatric DBS research has focused on refining targeting through personalized imaging. Much less attention has been given to the fact that psychiatric disorders arise from dysfunction in distributed brain networks, and that DBS likely acts by altering communication within those networks. This is in part because psychiatric DBS research relies on subjective rating scales that make it difficult to identify network biomarkers. Here, we overview recent DBS RCT results in OCD and MDD, as well as the follow-on imaging studies. We present evidence for a new approach to studying DBS' mechanisms of action, focused on measuring objective cognitive/emotional deficits that underpin these and many other mental disorders. Further, we suggest that a focus on cognition could lead to reliable network biomarkers at an electrophysiologic level, especially those related to inter-regional synchrony of the local field potential (LFP). Developing the network neuroscience of DBS has the potential to finally unlock the potential of this highly specific therapy.
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