Coherent control of individual electron spins in a two-dimensional quantum dot array

Manipulation of multiple connected quantum objects is mandatory for any scalable quantum information platform. Based on finely tuned virtual gate control, the integration of nearest-neighbour coupled semiconductor quantum dots in a 3 x 3 array enables 2D coherent spin control. The coherent manipulation of individual quantum objects organized in arrays is a prerequisite to any scalable quantum information platform. The cumulated efforts to control electron spins in quantum dot arrays have permitted the recent realization of quantum simulators and multielectron spin-coherent manipulations. Although a natural path to resolve complex quantum-matter problems and to process quantum information, two-dimensional (2D) scaling with a high connectivity of such implementations remains undemonstrated. Here we demonstrate the 2D coherent control of individual electron spins in a 3 x 3 array of tunnel-coupled quantum dots. We focus on several key quantum functionalities: charge-deterministic loading and displacement, local spin readout and local coherent exchange manipulation between two electron spins trapped in adjacent dots. This work lays some of the foundations to exploit a 2D array of electron spins for quantum simulation and information processing.

Automated summary

Controlling individual quantum objects organized in arrays is essential for scalable quantum information platforms. By integrating nearest-neighbour coupled semiconductor quantum dots in a 3 x 3 array with finely tuned virtual gate control, 2D coherent spin control has been achieved. Recent efforts in controlling electron spins in quantum dot arrays have led to the realization of quantum simulators and multielectron spin-coherent manipulations. However, demonstrating 2D scaling with a high connectivity of such implementations remains a challenge.