Journal
NANO LETTERS
Volume 21, Issue 1, Pages 424-429Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03820
Keywords
exciton; exciton-exciton annihilation; quantum yield; photoluminescence; nonradiative recombination; universal trend
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Funding
- University of California Multicampus-National Laboratory Collaborative Research and Training program [LFRP-17-477237]
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division [DE-AC02-05CH11231, KC1201]
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Exciton-exciton annihilation (EEA) becomes the dominant loss mechanism at high densities in excitonic materials, and the EEA coefficient is inversely related to the single-exciton lifetime, resulting in a counterintuitive observation where the exciton density at which EEA dominates is higher in materials with larger EEA coefficients.
Be it for essential everyday applications such as bright light-emitting devices or to achieve Bose-Einstein condensation, materials in which high densities of excitons recombine radiatively are crucially important. However, in all excitonic materials, exciton-exciton annihilation (EEA) becomes the dominant loss mechanism at high densities. Typically, a macroscopic parameter named EEA coefficient (C-EEA) is used to compare EEA rates between materials at the same density; higher C-EEA implies higher EEA rate. Here, we find that the reported values of C-EEA for 140 different materials is inversely related to the single-exciton lifetime. Since during EEA one exciton must relax to ground state, C-EEA is proportional to the single-exciton recombination rate. This leads to the counterintuitive observation that the exciton density at which EEA starts to dominate is higher in a material with larger C-EEA. These results broaden our understanding of EEA across different material systems and provide a vantage point for future excitonic materials and devices.
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