Journal
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 500, Issue 4, Pages 5614-5628Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa3503
Keywords
acceleration of particles; neutrinos; transients: gamma-ray bursts; astroparticle physics
Categories
Funding
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Commissariata l'energie atomique et auxenergies alternatives (CEA)
- Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund)
- Commission Europeenne (Marie Curie Program)
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)
- LabEx UnivEarthS [ANR-10-LABX-0023, ANR-18-IDEX-0001]
- Region Ile-de-France (DIM-ACAV)
- Region Alsace (contrat CPER)
- Region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur
- Departement du Var and Ville de La Seyne-sur-Mer, France
- Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Germany
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy
- Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands
- Council of the President of the Russian Federation for young scientists and leading scientific schools supporting grants, Russia
- Executive Unit for Financing Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation (UEFISCDI), Romania
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion, Investigacion y Universidades (MCIU) [PGC2018-096663-B-C41, PGC2018-096663-A-C42, PGC2018-096663-B-C43, PGC2018-096663-B-C44]
- Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence
- MultiDark Consolider (MCIU)
- Junta de Andalucia [SOMM17/6104/UGR, A-FQM-053-UGR18]
- Generalitat Valenciana: Grisolia, Spain [GRISOLIA/2018/119]
- Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Professional Training, Morocco
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This study used ANTARES data to analyze the spatial and temporal coincidence between 784 GRBs and upward going muon neutrinos, quantifying the impact of lack of knowledge on source redshifts and other intrinsic parameters. The results indicate that model parameters affecting the location of shock collisions have the largest impact on neutrino flux expectations, while the contribution of GRBs to the observed astrophysical neutrino flux is constrained.
Addressing the origin of the astrophysical neutrino flux observed by IceCube is of paramount importance. Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are among the few astrophysical sources capable of achieving the required energy to contribute to such neutrino flux through p gamma interactions. In this work, ANTARFS data have been used to search for upward going muon neutrinos in spatial and temporal coincidence with 784 GRBs occurred from 2007 to 2017. For each GRB, the expected neutrino flux has been calculated in the framework of the internal shock model and the impact of the lack of knowledge on the majority of source redshifts and on other intrinsic parameters of the emission mechanism has been quantified. It is found that the model parameters that set the radial distance where shock collisions occur have the largest impact on neutrino flux expectations. In particular, the bulk Lorentz factor of the source ejecta and the minimum variability time-scale are found to contribute significantly to the GRB-neutrino flux uncertainty. For the selected sources, ANTARES data have been analysed by maximizing the discovery probability of the stacking sample through an extended maximum-likelihood strategy. Since no neutrino event passed the quality cuts set by the optimization procedure, 90 per cent confidence level upper limits (with their uncertainty) on the total expected diffuse neutrino flux have been derived, according to the model. The GRB contribution to the observed diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux around 100 TeV is constrained to be less than 10 percent.
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