Journal
MOLECULES
Volume 26, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010116
Keywords
perfluorinated compounds; PFASs; sediments; environmental risk assessment; liquid chromatography
Funding
- Ministry of Science and Higher Education in Poland [MN 01-0391/08/322, ST-02-0103/07/322]
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The study evaluated the environmental risk of PFASs in the Gulf of Gdansk, indicating that they would not generate high impact on aquatic life, but some water samples showed medium risk.
Due to wide use of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) (e.g., in metal-plating, in fire-fighting foam, lubricants) and their resistance to degradation, they occur widely in the environment. The aim of this study was to estimate the environmental risk resulting from the presence of PFASs in the Gulf of Gdansk. Therefore, 17 PFASs concentrations were determined using ultra performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (UPLC-MS/MS). Additionally, sediment ecotoxicity was investigated. The results of the chemical analysis were used to asses environmental risk of PFASs. In samples collected around discharge collectors from a wastewater treatment plant and the Vistula mouth, sigma 17PFASs values were 0.00403 divided by 40.6 and 0.509 divided by 614 ng/g d.w., respectively. In samples collected around discharge collectors, PFHxA, PFPeA, PFHpA, and PFOA were dominating, while at the Vistula River mouth, PFHxS, PFDS, and PFBS were prevalent. For most sediments, no toxic effect was observed in the toxicity tests with Heterocypris inconguens and Aliivibrio ficsheri. There was no observed correlation between the PFASs level and their ecotoxicity. Generally, the results of environmental risk assessment indicate that the PFASs would not generate high impact on the aquatic life (five water samples have shown medium risk related to PFBS and PFDoA).
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