Journal
MOLECULES
Volume 25, Issue 23, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235662
Keywords
fluoroquinolones; DNA gyrase; topoisomerases; antibacterials; DNA topology; supercoiling; antibiotic resistance
Funding
- Wellcome Trust [110072/Z/15/Z]
- BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme Grant [BB/P012523/1]
- DTP studentship - BBSRC [BB/M011216/1]
- BBSRC [1916136] Funding Source: UKRI
- Wellcome Trust [110072/Z/15/Z] Funding Source: Wellcome Trust
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Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are arguably among the most successful antibiotics of recent times. They have enjoyed over 30 years of clinical usage and become essential tools in the armoury of clinical treatments. FQs target the bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV, where they stabilise a covalent enzyme-DNA complex in which the DNA is cleaved in both strands. This leads to cell death and turns out to be a very effective way of killing bacteria. However, resistance to FQs is increasingly problematic, and alternative compounds are urgently needed. Here, we review the mechanisms of action of FQs and discuss the potential pathways leading to cell death. We also discuss quinolone resistance and how quinolone treatment can lead to resistance to non-quinolone antibiotics.
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