Journal
MOLECULES
Volume 25, Issue 24, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245889
Keywords
personalized medicine; implants; 3D printing; FDM; dissolution tests; cytotoxicity
Funding
- Higher Education Institutional Excellence Program of the Ministry of Innovation and Technology in Hungary, within University of Debrecen [NKFIH-1150-6/2019]
- European Union
- European Social Fund
- Gedeon Richter's Talentum Foundation (Budapest, Gyomroi ut 19-21, Hungary)
- State of Hungary
- European Social Fund [GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00043]
- [EFOP-3.6.1-16-2016-00022]
- [EFOP-3.6.3-VEKOP-16-2017-00009]
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One of the most promising emerging innovations in personalized medication is based on 3D printing technology. For use as authorized medications, 3D-printed products require different in vitro tests, including dissolution and biocompatibility investigations. Our objective was to manufacture implantable drug delivery systems using fused deposition modeling, and in vitro tests were performed for the assessment of these products. Polylactic acid, antibacterial polylactic acid, polyethylene terephthalate glycol, and poly(methyl methacrylate) filaments were selected, and samples with 16, 19, or 22 mm diameters and 0%, 5%, 10%, or 15% infill percentages were produced. The dissolution test was performed by a USP dissolution apparatus 1. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide dye (MTT)-based prolonged cytotoxicity test was performed on Caco-2 cells to certify the cytocompatibility properties. The implantable drug delivery systems were characterized by thermogravimetric and heatflow assay, contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy, microcomputed tomography, and Raman spectroscopy. Based on our results, it can be stated that the samples are considered nontoxic. The dissolution profiles are influenced by the material properties of the polymers, the diameter, and the infill percentage. Our results confirm the potential of fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing for the manufacturing of different implantable drug delivery systems in personalized medicine and may be applied during surgical interventions.
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