Journal
MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS
Volume 26, Issue 6, Pages 1088-1099Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S1431927620024617
Keywords
Nitinol; nonmetallic inclusion; plasma focused ion beam; scanning electron microscopy; serial sectioning
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Funding
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
- Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR) under the DARPA Hand Proprioception and Touch Interfaces (HAPTIX) program [N66001-15-C-4014]
- Leonard Case Jr., Professorship
- Arthur P. Armington Professorship II
- ASM Student Paper Award
- ASTM International Project Grant
- ASTM International Graduate Scholarship
- TMS Henry DeWitt Smith Scholarship
- Zeta Tau Alpha Foundation Ruby Leigh Orgain Founders Grant
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Nonmetallic inclusion (NMI) populations in superelastic (SE) Nitinol fine wires (<140 mu m in diameter) were investigated by combining plasma focused ion beam (PFIB) serial sectioning with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). High purity (HP)-lower oxygen content and standard purity (SP)-higher oxygen content Nitinol wires were sectioned and imaged. The three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions provided more complete connectivity of NMIs and pores as well as information about the distribution of the features within the wire volume that is not possible with traditional two-dimensional (2D) imaging techniques. NMIs were present alone and with pores in the leading and/or trailing edges of the inclusions, in addition to stringers (i.e., fractured, elongated NMI, and intermixed with pores adjacent to each other), all of which were parallel to the wire drawing axis. The area percentages for the NMIs were 0.01% (HP Nitinol) and 0.04% (SP Nitinol), while the volume percentages measured 0.09% (HP Nitinol) and 0.47% (SP Nitinol). The combined PFIB-SEM serial sectioning approach provided the requisite resolution necessary to distinguish between NMIs and pores at micron and submicron sizes. Information gathered from this technique can be used to better inform models and predictions for fatigue lifetimes based on statistical analyses of these feature populations.
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