4.7 Article

Monitoring the quality of ethanol-based hand sanitizers by low-cost near-infrared spectroscopy

Journal

MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
Volume 159, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105421

Keywords

Near-infrared spectroscopy; Ethanol-based sanitizers; CoVID-19 prevention; Multivariate analysis; Alcohol gel quality; Ethanol volatilization rate

Funding

  1. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias e Tecnologias Analiticas Avancadas (INCTAA)
  2. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) [465768/20148]
  3. Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2014/50951-4]
  4. CNPq [304199/2019-2, 306329/2017-4]
  5. Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) [88882.437092/2019-01]

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The use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) based on a low-cost portable instrument for monitoring the quality of the three major formulations of ethanol-based hand sanitizers used for prevention against CoVID-19 disease is described. The quality of the sanitizers was evaluated using two approaches. In the first, a qualitative method was developed to identify gross non-conformities, using NIR spectral data compression by principal components analysis and projection of the spectrum of the tested sample in the principal component space delimited by samples of sanitizers prepared in the laboratory. In the second, a quantitative method was designed to determine the active substance (ethanol) employing multivariate regression based on partial least squares. The results demonstrate that the first approach can be used to detect non-conformities in the sanitizer composition, mostly associated with incorrect ethanol content. The second explores the use of NIRS for determination of the ethanol content in the three formulations aiming the quality control of the sanitizer manufacturing process. The ethanol content can be determined with an absolute root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) equal to 0.68% (m/m), 0.83% (m/m) and 1.0% (v/v) for the three formulations evaluated. The RMSEP was estimated as 1.3% (m/m) for the commercial products. The measurement protocol takes approximately 1 min and requires only about 120 mu L of a sample. Besides, NIRS was employed to compare the rate of volatilization of the ethanol in the different formulations, an important parameter concerning the efficacy of ethanol-based sanitizers.

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