Heterotopic Cesarean Scar Pregnancy An Analysis of 20 Cases Following in vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer

We report a series of 20 cases of heterotopic cesarean scar pregnancy in this study. The results show that transvaginal sonography offers highly accurate diagnoses of heterotopic cesarean scar pregnancy during the first trimester. Careful exclusion of cesarean scar pregnancy is of great clinical importance for patients with a history of cesarean section after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer, even when an intrauterine pregnancy has been detected. We recommend single embryo transfer for patients with a history of cesarean section. Expectant management may provide the opportunity for a live cesarean scar pregnancy to develop, albeit at high risks of placenta accreta and hemorrhage, and this needs further verification in the future.

Automated summary

The study highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis using transvaginal sonography in the first trimester for patients with heterotopic cesarean scar pregnancy, particularly those with a history of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. It recommends single embryo transfer for such patients and suggests that expectant management may offer a chance for live cesarean scar pregnancy development, albeit with risks that need further verification in the future.