Journal
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
Volume 41, Issue 1, Pages 912-919Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.08.074
Keywords
Cold sintering process; Amorphous calcium phosphate; Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite; Relative density; Bioceramics
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Funding
- European Regional Development Fund within the Activity 1.1.1.2 Post-doctoral Research Aid of the Specific Aid Objective 1.1.1 To increase the research and innovative capacity of scientific institutions of Latvia and the ability to attract external finan [1.1.1.2/VIAA/2/18/318]
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [857287]
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This study explored the sintering of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) using the principles of cold sintering process. It was found that ACP can be sintered to relatively high relative density by applying moderate uniaxial pressure even at room temperature.
Despite considerable interest in amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) bioceramics, it remains a challenge to sinter ACP to high relative density. Here, for sintering of ACP, we used principles of the so-called cold sintering process. We investigated the effect of sintering temperature (room temperature, 100, 120 and 150 degrees C) and presence or absence of transient liquid (20 wt. % water), while holding the pressure applied at 500 MPa, on densification and structure of ACP. Relative density of the samples that were produced from the dry starting powder at room temperature (the samples retained ACP structure) already reached 76.3 (+2.1) %. Neither increased sintering temperature nor the presence of transient liquid significantly affected bulk, true and the resulting relative density values of the samples that retained ACP structure. Our findings indicate that by applying moderate uniaxial pressure, ACP can be sintered to relatively high relative density already at mom temperature.
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