Tracking Ions the Direct Way: Long-Range Li+ Dynamics in the Thio-LISICON Family Li4MCh4 (M = Sn, Ge; Ch = S, Se) as Probed by 7Li NMR Relaxometry and 7Li Spin-Alignment Echo NMR

Solid electrolytes are key elements for nextgeneration energy storage systems. To design powerful electrolytes with high ionic conductivity, we need to improve our understanding of the mechanisms that are at the heart of the rapid ion exchange processes in solids. Such an understanding also requires evaluation and testing of methods not routinely used to characterize ion conductors. Here, the ternary Li(4)MCh(4) system (M = Ge, Sn; Ch = Se, S) provides model compounds to study the applicability of Li-7 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin-alignment echo (SAE) spectroscopy to probe slow Li+ exchange processes. Whereas the exact interpretation of conventional spin-lattice relaxation data depends on models, SAE NMR offers a model-independent, direct access to motional correlation rates. Indeed, the jump rates and activation energies deduced from time-domain relaxometry data perfectly agree with results from SAE NMR In particular, long-range Li+ diffusion in polycrystalline Li4SnS4 as seen by NMR in a dynamic range covering 6 orders of magnitude is determined by an activation energy of E-a = 0.55 eV and a pre-exponential factor of 3 X 10(13) s(-1). The variation in E-a and 1/tau(0) is related to the LiCh(4) volume that changes within the four Li(4)MCh(4) compounds studied. The corresponding volume of Li4SnS4 seems to be close to optimum for Li+ diffusivity.

Automated summary

Researchers utilized model compounds from the Li(4)MCh(4) system to study the application of SAE NMR spectroscopy in probing Li+ exchange processes. The results showed that SAE NMR provides a model-independent approach to accessing motional correlation rates, offering valuable insights into the mechanisms of rapid ion exchange in solids.